The effect of different ratios of lecithin-cholesterol on the encapsulation stability of beta-carotene loaded nanoliposomes

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 University of Mohaghegh Ardabili

2 University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

Abstract

Introduction:
Encapsulation using nanoliposomes is widely recognized as an effective technique to protect sensitive bioactive compounds from adverse processing or gastrointestinal conditions. The physical properties of liposome (especially in terms of size, size distribution and layering) depend on different preparation methods, type of lipid (charged, uncharged and neutral), lipid composition, surfactant, organic solvent and ionic strength of the suspension medium used in the preparation techniques. The common method used to produce liposome is thin layer hydration. The application of this method is limited due to the large particle size and non-uniform particle size distribution. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of different ratios of lecithin-cholesterol on particle size, encapsulation efficiency and stability of these two characteristics over time. Also, another goal of this research is to investigate the effectiveness of the combined method of thin layer hydration and sonication to solve the problems of large particle size and non-uniform distribution of particle size.
Material & methods: Experimental treatments in this research include lecithin-cholesterol ratios (30-30, 40-20, 50-10 and 60-0). Due to the incompatibility of beta-carotene with water, nanoliposome formulations were produced using the combined method of thin layer hydration-sonication. Subsequently, to reduce the size of the particles, the liposomal mixture was transferred to the ice bath (in order to avoid applying excess energy into the solution and to prevent lipid hydrolysis and oxidation) and probe sonicator and 10 cycles of 1 minute with 1 minute rest between cycles were applied to the mixture.

Results and discussion: The results showed that the effect of lecithin-cholesterol ratios on changes in particle size, particle size distribution (PDI), encapsulation efficiency and zeta potential is significant. By adding cholesterol at ratio of 1:5 to lecithin, the particle size and particle size distribution decreased and the encapsulation efficiency increased; however, with a further increase in the ratio of cholesterol to lecithin, the particle size and particle size distribution increased and the encapsulation efficiency decreased. Also, the zeta potential of all the samples was within the desired range, and by the increase in cholesterol, the zeta potential increased. Also, the results of this research showed that the addition of cholesterol at a ratio of 1:5 to lecithin in the nanoliposome structure makes the particle size and encapsulation efficiency of beta-carotene more stable in 60 days compared to the nanoliposome structure without cholesterol. Also, FTIR test determined that beta-carotene particles are well trapped in the structure of nanoliposomes.
Conclusion: According to the tests examined in this research, it can be concluded that the combined method of thin layer hydration-sonication along with the limited use of cholesterol is a suitable solution to obtain nano-scale particles with high stability over time.
Introduction:
Encapsulation using nanoliposomes is widely recognized as an effective technique to protect sensitive bioactive compounds from adverse processing or gastrointestinal conditions. The physical properties of liposome (especially in terms of size, size distribution and layering) depend on different preparation methods, type of lipid (charged, uncharged and neutral), lipid composition, surfactant, organic solvent and ionic strength of the suspension medium used in the preparation techniques. The common method used to produce liposome is thin layer hydration. The application of this method is limited due to the large particle size and non-uniform particle size distribution. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of different ratios of lecithin-cholesterol on particle size, encapsulation efficiency and stability of these two characteristics over time. Also, another goal of this research is to investigate the effectiveness of the combined method of thin layer hydration and sonication to solve the problems of large particle size and non-uniform distribution of particle size.
Material & methods: Experimental treatments in this research include lecithin-cholesterol ratios (30-30, 40-20, 50-10 and 60-0). Due to the incompatibility of beta-carotene with water, nanoliposome formulations were produced using the combined method of thin layer hydration-sonication. Subsequently, to reduce the size of the particles, the liposomal mixture was transferred to the ice bath (in order to avoid applying excess energy into the solution and to prevent lipid hydrolysis and oxidation) and probe sonicator and 10 cycles of 1 minute with 1 minute rest between cycles were applied to the mixture.

Results and discussion: The results showed that the effect of lecithin-cholesterol ratios on changes in particle size, particle size distribution (PDI), encapsulation efficiency and zeta potential is significant. By adding cholesterol at ratio of 1:5 to lecithin, the particle size and particle size distribution decreased and the encapsulation efficiency increased; however, with a further increase in the ratio of cholesterol to lecithin, the particle size and particle size distribution increased and the encapsulation efficiency decreased. Also, the zeta potential of all the samples was within the desired range, and by the increase in cholesterol, the zeta potential increased. Also, the results of this research showed that the addition of cholesterol at a ratio of 1:5 to lecithin in the nanoliposome structure makes the particle size and encapsulation efficiency of beta-carotene more stable in 60 days compared to the nanoliposome structure without cholesterol. Also, FTIR test determined that beta-carotene particles are well trapped in the structure of nanoliposomes.
Conclusion: According to the tests examined in this research, it can be concluded that the combined method of thin layer hydration-sonication along with the limited use of cholesterol is a suitable solution to obtain nano-scale particles with high stability over time.
Keywords: Beta-carotene, nanoliposome, thin film hydration, sonication, lecithin, cholesterol

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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Food Research Journal
Volume 33, Issue 4
February 2024
Pages 131-149

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